What makes research scientific?

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We place special emphasis on the process of research because it's the rigour with which this is carried out( the scientific system) that distinguishes scientific exploration from other forms of enquiry, and scientific knowledge from other kinds of knowledge.


Scientific system is one means by which knowledge is created; still, it isn't the only way we know or understand our world. Three other modes of knowing in mortal societies can be linked ( Frankfort- Nachmias and Nachmias 1996).


Authoritarian- individualities serve as sources of knowledge by virtue of their social or political position. These individualities may be religious or political leaders, lords or' experts' similar as reputed scientists.

Mystical- knowledge is sought from the supernatural world.

Rationalistic- within the school of rationalism knowledge can be deduced from the rules of sense and without reference to the empirical world.

In discrepancy to the modes listed over, scientific knowledge about the world is grounded upon empirical observation. Observation is used to develop proposition to help us to describe, understand, and prognosticate how our world works. The procedures by which compliances are gathered, estimated, and used to produce new knowledge are nominated methodology.

Background research scientific method

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Research methodologies are the rules and procedures by which knowledge is generated and participated. They allow exploration and thus knowledge claims to be estimated. The following criteria are generally used to estimate scientific exploration( Bryman 2008).

Trustability- Is the exploration study unremarkable?- that's are the measures used dependable and harmonious. If I go back and repeat the measures in the same conditions will I get the same results?

Replication- This refers to the idea that the procedures( methodology) employed in the study are reported in sufficient detail that a alternate experimenter could repeat the study.

Validity- This concerns the integrity of conclusions that are generated through a exploration study. There are a number of issues raised then including( 1) does the measure employed directly reflect the conception under disquisition;( 2) is the unproductive relationship robust- can we be sure that X is the cause of Y?( 3) Can we be confident that we can decide our findings beyond the exploration environment?

In certain cases and particularly where a exploration study isn't seeking to decide statistical findings beyond the exploration environment, the criteria of responsibility has been suggested as a means to insure the integrity of conclusions.

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All the criteria over are judged by perceived rigour in system; that's confidence that the experimenter has followed accepted procedures to insure to the fullest that the conclusions reached are robust. To achieve confidence in the results of a study demands' chastened inquiry' similar that the data, arguments, and logic are suitable to repel examination by other members of the scientific community